F

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Word	Meanings
Fasid	A voidable or defective contract (according to division of contracts with respect to legality as per Hanafi Fiqh) due to nonfulfilment of any condition required for valid contracts.
Fadl	Excess, additional, surplus, as in Takaful.
Fadl Allah	The bounties bestowed by the Almighty Allah.
Falah	(1) Success, to thrive. Technically, it implies success both in this world and in the Hereafter ( Akhirah).
	(2) Welfare in this world and the Hereafter; Falah means to thrive, to become happy or to have luck and success. Technically, it implies success both in this world and in the Akhirah (Hereafter). The Falah presumes belief in one God, the apostlehood of Prophet Muhammad (pbuh), Akhirah and conformity to the Shar¯ı´ah in behaviour.
Faqih	Jurist who gives rulings on various juristic issues in the light of the Qur’an and thesunnah. (pl. fuqaha)
Faraid	(1) Inheritance law
	(2) The section of Islamic law that deals with the distribution of the estate of a deceased persons among his/her heirs accordance with Allah's decree in the Qur'an and the Hadith.
Fasid	Voidable. A forbidden term in a contract, which consequently renders the contract invalid. A voidable or defective contract due to non-fulfillment of any condition required for valid contracts.
Fasid Contract	Invalid contract
Fatwa	(1) Religious opinions
	(2) Legal opinion, religious edict.
	(3) A religious decree or edict; plural Fat¯awa.
	(4) A religious opinion or decree, which can be either positive or negative.
	(5) A religious decree. A ruling made by a competent Shari'ah scholar on a particular issue, where fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence) is unclear. It is an opinion, and is not legally binding. It may address either a specific problem of interest to a particular person or a matter of public concern.
Fayed	Surplus, as in Takaful.
Fictitious Assets	An asset having no tangible existence and realisable value but is shown to exist often with the intention to derive some financial benefit when otherwise it would not be possible. For example, an asset provided as security to obtain a loan is fictitious (does not exist) if there is no source of repayment. Financial crises are caused by creating more and debt against fictitious assets saddling individuals, businesses and countries with debts that they are unable to repay. See Asset.
Fiqh	(1) Jurisprudence.
	(2) Islamic jurisprudence, the science of religious law, which is the interpretation of the Sacred Law, shari’a.
	(3) Islamic jurisprudence; the science of the Shar¯ı´ah. It is an important source of Islamic tenets.
	(4) Refers to the whole corpus of Islamic jurisprudence. In contrast to conventional law, fiqh covers all aspects of life - religious, political, social, commercial, and economic. Fiqh is based primarily on interpretations of the Qur’an and the Sunnah and secondary sources that are supported by the Qur'an and the Sunnah. Fiqh may also be understood as the jurists' understanding of the Shari'ah. There are four major schools of Islamic thought, the Hanafi, Shafi'i, Hanbali and Maliki.
Fiqh al Muamalat	(1) Commercial law
	(2) Rulings on transactions specific to commerce and finance.
	(3) Islamic commercial jurisprudence, jurisprudence of financial transactions or the rules of transacting in a  Shari'ah-compliant manner.
Fitrah	Law of nature.
Fuduli	A person who is neither guardian nor agent, or if he is agent, he transgresses the limits prescribed by the principal in respect of a contract.
Fulus	Coins of inferior metals.

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