Sunday, May 26, 2013

ICD extends USD6m line of financing facility to Orienbank

ZAWYA.COM-- DUSHANBE--Islamic Corporation for the Development of the Private sector (ICD) Chief Executive Officer Khaled Al-Aboodi, and Tajikistan's Orienbank Deputy Chairman Rajabbek Sulaymonbekov signed a deal that saw ICD extending to the Tajik bank $6 million Line of Financing facility during the 38th IDB Group meeting here.

The $6 million Line of financing facility will then be lent by Orienbank to the SMEs sector to projects in industrial, communication, technology, health, construction and agricultural sectors.

Khaled Al-Aboodi commented: "The small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) have a crucial role to play in the country's growth and development, and ICD has big plans for them. This is an important sector in all the member countries, including the higher income ones. ICD is now focusing on this sector by extending lines of finance to local banks and establishing Ijara companies and investment funds."

Previously ICD signed financing agreement with another local financial institution for a total of $11.5 million line of financing facility for the development of SMEs in Tajikistan which demonstrates ICD's firm commitment to develop the private sector in its member countries. About $10 million out of the total facility amount has now been fully disbursed.
The ICD and Thomson Reuters, the world's leading provider of intelligent information for businesses and professionals, announced a deal for the joint development of the Islamic Finance Development Indicator -- a single, composite numerical measure representing the overall health and growth of the Islamic finance industry worldwide. The ICD Thomson Reuters Islamic Finance Development Indicator expands the scope of Thomson Reuters' universe of Islamic finance content, research and news analysis to develop a much needed unbiased and reliable multidimensional barometer of the development of the Islamic finance industry.
Russell Haworth, Managing Director, Middle East and North Africa, Thomson Reuters, said: "Thomson Reuters has been at the forefront of some of the major market moving measures in the world. We are proud to continue providing our expertise in developing high impact indicators to measure the development of the Islamic Finance industry."

Wednesday, May 22, 2013

Biografi Murniati Mukhlisin

REPUBLIKA.CO.ID, JAKARTA - Karena merindukan profil keluarga yang rukun dan damai, Mu Kim Ni, kabur dari rumahnya di Baturaja Sumatera Selatan, tahun 1991. Saat itu, ia baru tamat SMA. Ani, begitu perempuan kelahiran 17 Oktober 1972 ini akrab disapa, menemuka kedamaian dan keharmonisan justru di dalam keluarga sahabat–sahabatnya yang dijumpai di rumah mereka saat belajar bersama semasa SMA.
Ia melihat keluarga teman-temannya yang Muslim sangat harmonis menjalankan ajaran agama Islam dengan tekun. Alasan ini pula yang  mendorongnya memeluk Islam. Namanya kemudian berganti menjadi Murniati Mukhlisin. 

"Saya ingin memperbaiki keadaan keluarga dan memberikan contoh kepada keluarga terutama adik–adik, tentang makna sebuah keluarga," kata ibu dari Layyina Humaira Tamanni (11), Hayyan Hani Tamanni (9) dan  Rayyan Ayman Tamanni (7)  ini. 

Namun bukannya didengar, ia malah diejek dan dicemooh. Namun, Ani tak terlalu mengambil hati dan tetap melakukan pendekatan pada keluarga. 

Melalui seorang wartawan, Ani mendapatkan rekomendasi orangtua asuh dari PITI (Pembina Iman Tauhid Islam d/h Persatuan Islam Tionghoa Indonesia). Ia diterima dengan hangat di keluarga Ustazah Qomariah Baladraf Teh Giok Sien di kawasan Tebet, Jakarta Selatan. 

Di Jakarta, Ani aktif mengikuti kegiatan kepemudaan Islam di Masjid Istiqlal dan di Yayasan H Karim Oei, di Jl Lautze. Secara ekonomi, ia juga mulai mandiri setelah diterima bekerja di sebuah bank swasta di Jalan Sudirman Jakarta. "Walau kadang sedih juga,  karena harus melepas jilbab setiba di kantor, karena bank yang banyak memperkerjakan staf non-Muslim tidak memberikan izin berjilbab," katanya. 

Walau jauh dari kampung halamannya, ia tetap memperhatikan keluarganya, yang saat itu belum sepenuhnya menerima keislamannya. 
Ani mengungkapkan, sejak kabur dari rumah, ia berusaha mengambil hati keluarganya. Berkirim kabar dan hadiah, salah satu upayanya. 

Kerja keras wanita yang kini menjabat sebagai wakil ketua  Sekolah Tinggi Eknomi Islam Tazkia ini, membuahkan hasil. Mama dan beberapa adiknya luluh hatinya. Tak hanya merangkulnya kembali, belakangan mereka juga turut menganut Islam. Keinginannya terkabul: memiliki keluarga yang hangat dan saling mendukung. 

Di sisi spiritual, Ani terus mengasah ilmu agamanya. Ia yang terpacu untuk terus mendalami Islam dengan melanjutkan kuliah di bidang akuntansi syariah setelah dua tahun bekerja di Jakarta. Ani berhasil melanjutkan kuliah di International Islamic Unviersity Malaysia dengan beasiswa dari sebuah perusahaan swasta di sana. Di sana pula Ani belajar Islam lebih insentif, termasuk belajar bahasa Arab. 

Bekal keluwesannya dalam bergaul dan berkomunikasi dalam bahasa Inggris dan Arab serta keaktifannya dalam organisasi, membuat Ani semakin mandiri. Bahkan, istri Luqyan Tamanni ini sudah mendapatkan pekerjaan bergengsi ketika belum selesai kuliah, di sebuah lembaga akuntan publik ternama di negeri jiran itu. 

Kini, perempuan yang sangat meminati kajian standar akuntansi keuangan syariah internasional ini, segera berangkat ke Inggris untuk melanjutkan kuliah strata tiga. ''Insya Allah dalam waktu dekat saya berangkat," katanya. Di Gloucestershire University, ia bakal menimba ilmu ekonomi syariah.

Biografi Dr. Muhammad Syafi'i Antonio M.Ec

TAZKIA.AC.ID--Saya lahir di Sukabumi, Jawa Barat, 12 mei 1967. Nama asli saya Nio Cwan Chung. Saya adalah WNI keturunan Tionghoa. Sejak kecil saya mengenal dan menganut ajaran Konghucu, karena ayah saya seorang pendeta Konghucu. Selain mengenal ajaran Konghucu, saya juga mengenal ajaran Islam melalui pergaulan di lingkungan rumah dan sekolah. Saya sering memperhatikan cara-cara ibadah orang-orang muslim. Kerena terlalu sering memperhatikan tanpa sadar saya diam-diam suka melakukan shalat. Kegiatan ibadah orang lain ini saya lakukan walaupun saya belum mengikrarkan diri menjadi seorang muslim.
Kehidupan keluarga saya sangat memberikan kebebasan dalam memilih agama. Sehingga saya memilih agama Kristen Protestan menjadi agama saya. Setelah itu saya berganti nama menjadi Pilot Sagaran Antonio. Kepindahan saya ke agama Kristen Protestan tidak membuat ayah saya marah. Ayah akan sangat kecewa jika saya sekeluarga memilih Islam sebagai agama.
Sikap ayah saya ini berangkat dari image gambaran buruk terhadap pemeluk Islam. Ayah saya sebenarnya melihat ajaran Islam itu bagus. Apalagi dilihat dari sisi Al Qur’an dan hadits. Tapi, ayah saya sangat heran pada pemeluknya yang tidak mencerminkan kesempurnaan ajaran agamanya.
Gambaran buruk tentang kaum muslimin itu menurut ayah saya terlihat dari banyaknya umat Islam yang berada dalam kemiskinan,keterbelakangan,dan kebodohan. Bahkan, sampai mencuri sandal di mushola pun dilakukan oleh umat Islam sendiri. Jadi keindahan dan kebagusan ajaran Islam dinodai oleh prilaku umatnya yang kurang baik.
Kendati demikian buruknya citra kaum muslimin di mata ayah, tak membuat saya kendur untuk mengetahui lebih jauh tentang agama islam. Untuk mengetahui agama Islam, saya mencoba mengkaji Islam secara komparatif (perbandingan) dengan agama-agama lain. Dalam melakukan studi perbandingan ini saya menggunakan tiga pendekatan, yakni pendekatan sejarah, pendekatan alamiah, dan pendekatan nalar rasio biasa. Sengaja saya tidak menggunakan pendekatan kitab-kitab suci agar dapat secara obyektif mengetahui hasilnya.
Berdasarkan tiga pendekatan itu, saya melihat Islam benar-benar agama yang mudah dipahami ketimbang agama-agama lain. Dalam Islam saya temukan bahwa semua rasul yang diutus Tuhan ke muka bumi mengajarkan risalah yang satu, yaitu Tauhid. Selain itu, saya sangat tertarik pada kitab suci umat Islam, yaitu Al-Qur’an. Kitab suci ini penuh dengan kemukjizatan, baik ditinjau dari sisi bahasa, tatanan kata, isi, berita, keteraturan sastra, data-data ilmiah, dan berbagai aspek lainnya.
Ajaran Islam juga memiliki system nilai yang sangat lengkap dan komprehensif, meliputi system tatanan akidah, kepercayaan, dan tidak perlu perantara dalam beribadah. Dibanding agama lain, ibadah dalam islam diartikan secara universal. Artinya, semua yang dilakukan baik ritual, rumah tangga, ekonomi, sosial, maupun budaya, selama tidak menyimpang dan untuk meninggikan siar Allah, nilainya adalah ibadah. Selain itu,disbanding agama lain, terbukti tidak ada agama yang memiliki system selengkap agama Islam.Hasil dari studi banding inilah yang memantapkan hati saya untuk segera memutuskan bahwa Islam adalah agama yang dapat menjawab persoalan hidup.

Masuk Islam
Setelah melakukan perenungan untuk memantapkan hati, maka di saat saya berusia 17 tahun dan masih duduk di bangku SMA, saya putuskan untuk memeluk agama Islam. Oleh K.H.Abdullah bin Nuh al-Ghazali saya dibimbing untuk mengucapkan ikrar dua kalimat syahadat pada tahun 1984. Nama saya kemudian diganti menjadi Syafii Antonio.
Keputusan yang saya ambil untuk menjadi pengikut Nabi Muhammad saw. Ternyata mendapat tantangan dari pihak keluarga. Saya dikucilkan dan diusir dari rumah. Jika saya pulang, pintu selalu tertutup dan terkunci. Bahkan pada waktu shalat, kain sarung saya sering diludahi. Perlakuan keluarga terhadap diri saya tak saya hadapi dengan wajah marah, tapi dengan kesabaran dan perilaku yang santun. Ini sudah konsekuensi dari keputusan yang saya ambil.
Alhamdulillah,perlakuan dan sikap saya terhadap mereka membuahkan hasil. Tak lama kemudian mama menyusul jejak saya menjadi pengikut Nabi Muhammad saw. Setelah mengikrarkan diri, saya terus mempelajari Islam, mulai dari membaca buku, diskusi, dan sebagainya. Kemudian saya mempelajari bahasa Arab di Pesantren an-Nidzom, Sukabumi, dibawah pimpinan K.H.Abdullah Muchtar.
Lulus SMA saya melanjutkan ke ITB dan IKIP, tapi kemudian pindah ke IAIN Syarif Hidayatullah. Itupun tidak lama, kemudian saya melanjutkan sekolah ke University of yourdan (Yordania). Selesai studi S1 saya melanjutkan program S2 di international Islamic University (IIU) di Malaysia, khusus mempelajari ekonomi Islam.
Selesai studi, saya bekerja dan mengajar pada beberapa universitas. Segala aktivitas saya sengaja saya arahkan pada bidang agama. Untuk membantu saudara-saudara muslim Tionghoa, Saya aktif pada Yayasan Haji Karim Oei. Di yayasan inilah para mualaf mendapat informasi dan pembinaan. Mulai dari bimbingan shalat, membaca Al-Qur’an, diskusi, ceramah, dan kajian Islam, hingga informasi mengenai agama Islam. (Hamzah, mualaf.com)
Redaksi : Saat ini M Syafii Antonio aktif diberbagai Lembaga Keuangan Islam/Syariah baik Bank maupun Non Bank, dan membina berbagai pendidikan syariah
Dr. Muhammad Syafii Antonio, MSc 
  • Doktor Banking & Micro Finance, University of Melbourne, 2004 
  •  Master of Economic, International Islamic University, Malayasia, 1992 
  •  Sarjana Syariah, University of Jordan, 1990 
  •  Komite Ahli Pengembangan Perbankan Syariah pada Bank Indonesia 
  •  Dewan Komisaris Bank Syariah Mega Indonesia 
  •  Dewan Syariah BSM 
  •  Dewan Syariah Takaful 
  •  Dewan Syariah PNM 
  •  Dewan Syariah Nasional, MUI

Perbankan dan Syariah serta Pesantren
Muhammad Syafii Antonio adalah seorang alumni pesantren yang tercebur ke dunia perbankan. Masuk pesantren dengan alasan ingin mendalami Islam sebagai agama yang baru dianutnya, Syafii menapak sukses hingga menjadi pakar ekonomi syariah nasional saat ini.
Ia memulai pendidikan pesantrennya pada 1985, ketika lulus dari SMU. Ia masuk pesantren tradisional An-Nizham, Sukabumi. Alasannya ketika itu ingin mendalami ilmu keislaman secara utuh. "Jika ingin menjadi muslim yang komprehensif, pesantren adalah tempat yang ideal."
Tiga tahun di pesantren, ia melanjutkan ke jenjang pendidikan yang lebih tinggi. Ia mendaftar ke ITB, IKIP, dan IAIN. Meski diterima, karena ia ingin lebih besar untuk mempelajari Islam, Syafii memilih belajar ke luar negeri. Lewat Muhammadiyah, ia mendapat kesempatan belajar di Yordania untuk studi Islam bidang syariah.
Di saat yang sama ia juga mengambil kuliah ekonomi. Lalu ia melanjutkan ke Al-Azhar untuk memperdalam studi Islam. Perjalanan hidupnya berbelok ketika ia batal melanjutkan ke Manchester University karena Perang Teluk. Akhirnya, ia mendaftar ke International Islamic University Malaysia. Ia mengambil studi Banking and Finance dan selesai pada 1992.
Syafii berkecimpung di perbankan syariah mulai tahun itu juga saat ia bertemu delegasi Indonesia yang akan mendirikan bank syariah setelah melihat contoh bank syariah di Malaysia.
Kembali ke Indonesia, ia bergabung dengan Bank Muamalat, bank dengan sistem syariah pertama di Indonesia. Dua tahun setelah itu, ia mendirikan Asuransi Takaful, lalu berturut-turut reksa dana syariah. Empat tahun membesarkan Bank Muamalat, ia mundur dan mendirikan Tazkia Group yang memiliki beberapa unit usaha dengan mengembangkan bisnis dan ekonomi syariah.
Sebagai alumni pesantren, Syafii mengungkapkan ketidakyakinannya bahwa kurikulum pesantren bisa menghasilkan seseorang dengan mental teroris. "Apalagi pesantren tradisional atau salafi," katanya. Pada pesantren ini, tuntutan untuk tasawufnya cukup tinggi sehingga mereka menekankan pada akhlak dan etika. "Bahkan saya melihat beberapa pesantren bisa terjerumus pada zuhud yang negatif dan sangat berseberangan dengan apa yang saya dorong sekarang," katanya.
Begitu pula di beberapa pesantren modern dan progresif seperti Gontor, Darunnajah, dan lain-lain, pendekatan metode belajarnya sudah diperbarui. "Santrinya sudah menggunakan dua bahasa asing dan tidak terlalu terikat pada mazhab tertentu dari sisi fiqih dan akidah."
Kemudian ada jenis pesantren lainnya, yaitu yang mencoba tidak hanya berkutat pada aspek teologi dan teori, tapi mungkin mereka mencoba untuk merespons tantangan modernisasi dan westernisasi sebagai realisasi amar ma'ruf nahi munkar. "Kalau yang terakhir ini yang dikembangkan beberapa pesantren di Indonesia, tanpa saya berhak menyebut nama, mungkin itu bisa jadi yang paling dekat pada pergerakan-pergerakan yang lebih progresif," katanya. Toh, kalau pun ada tersangka teroris, itu tak bisa disebut mewakili pesantren dan ajaran Islam.
Sebagai alumni pesantren, Syafii juga memiliki kritik terhadap pendidikan pesantren saat ini. "Saya lihat kurikulumnya harus ditinjau ulang," katanya. Ia mencontohkan kitab-kitab klasik yang diajarkan di pesantren. "Konteks dan contohnya sudah sangat klasik dan belum tentu selesai dipelajari dalam dua-tiga tahun," katanya. Ia mengimbau agar kurikulum pesantren memadatkan apa saja yang harus dipelajari santri. "Ada target yang harus dirancang untuk santri," katanya.
Selain itu, gaya belajar pesantren juga masih terpusat pada satu-dua kiai. "Tak ada regenerasi dan tentu sangat berat bagi para kiai itu untuk mengajar sekian banyak santri," katanya. Karenanya, tak heran jika terdapat jarak yang jauh dalam penguasaan ilmu antara kiai dan asistennya.
Syafii melihat para kiai ilmunya sangat banyak dan ikhlas, tapi kurang responsnya terhaDr.Muhammad Syafii Antonio,MEc (Nio Gwan Chung) is the icon of Islamic banking and finance in Indonesia. He is the Chairman of Tazkia University College of Islamic Economics (STEI TAZKIA). He earned his PhD in Micro Finance from University of Melbourne (2004), Master of Economics from International Islamic University, Malaysia (1992) and completed his first degree in Islamic Law from University of Jordan (1990). He also conducted a visiting research program at Al-Azhar University Cairo and Oxford University, UK. With his team in Tazkia Consulting, Antonio has helped the establishment of more than 14 Islamic divisions of conventional banks, 7 newly established Islamic insurance operations, and trained more than 6000 financial practitioners in the country. Currently Antonio seats as Islamic Banking Committee at the Central Bank of Indonesia, Central Bank of Malaysia, Global Shariah Board of al- Mawarid Finance and insurance DUBAI. Antonio also supervises Bank Syariah Mandiri, Takaful insurance, Bank Mega Syariah, Schroders Investment Manager dan PNM holding. Up today, Antonio published more than 12 books on Islamic banking, Zakat, Leadership and Managemen. For his effort in this field Antonio was awarded “Syariah Award” by the Central Bank of Indonesia, Indonesian Council of Ulama (MUI), and Bank Muamalat (2003), Anticorruption & Good Governance Award by Ministry of State Apparatus (2007), Arab Asia Finance Recognition Award by Arab Asia Finance Forum (2008) and won Australian Alumni Award from the Government of Australia (2009). Antonio is also the recipient of IBF Award, 2009 for his best selling book “Muhammad SAW The Super Leader Super Manager”, and IDB Prize Nominee from Indonesia (by the Ministry of Finance). Syafii melihat para kiai ilmunya sangat banyak dan ikhlas, tapi kurang responsnya terhadap masalah-masalah sosial, ekonomi, dan kemasyarakatadap masalah-masalah sosial, ekonomi, dan kemasyarakatan. Dalam media apa pun, tulisan kiai sangat jarang sekali. Ketika muncul pemikiran frontal, mereka cenderung reaktif, bukan proaktif. "Seharusnya jika ada ide-ide jernih langsung dituliskan dan disampaikan ke masyarakat," katanya.  
Dr.Muhammad Syafii Antonio,MEc (Nio Gwan Chung) adalah salah satu ICON keuangan dan perbankan syariah di Indonesia. Beliau diamanati sebagai Ketua Sekolah Tinggi Ekonomi Islam (STEI) TAZKIA. Meyelesaikan program Doktoral dalam Micro Finance dari University of Melbourne (2004), Master of Economics dari International Islamic University, Malaysia (1992) dan lulus sebagai sarjana Syariah dari University of Jordan (1990). Disamping itu Antonio telah melakukan visiting research di Al-Azhar University Cairo dan Oxford University, Inggris. Melalui Batasa Tazkia Consulting, Antonio telah membantu penumbuhan lebih dari 14 Unit Usaha Perbankan Syariah dan 7 asuransi syariah serta melatih lebih dari 6000 praktisi keuangan. Saat ini Antonio diamanati sebagai Komite Perbankan Syariah pada Bank Indonesia, Shariah Advisory Council Bank Sentral Malaysia, serta Global Shariah Board al- Mawarid DUBAI. Antonio juga duduk sebagai Advisor/Dewan Pengawas di Bank Syariah Mandiri, Takaful, Bank Mega Syariah, Schroders Investment Manager dan PNM. Antonio telah menerbitkan 12 buku tentang Perbankan Syariah, Leadership dan Manajemen. Atas kiprahnya Antonio dianugrahi “Syariah Award” oleh Bank Indonesia, MUI dan Bank Muamalat (2003), Anticorruption & Good Governance Award dari Kementrian Aparatur Negara (2007), Arab Asia Finance Recognition Award dari Arab Asia Finance Forum (2008) dan Australian Alumni Award dari Pemerintah Australia (2009). Antonio adalah penerima Best Islamic Book (IBF Award, 2009), juga dipromosikan oleh Departement Keuangan RI sebagai nominee IDB Prize dari Indonesia. 
Dr.Muhammad Syafii Antonio,MEc (Nio Gwan Chung) is the icon of Islamic banking and finance in Indonesia. He is the Chairman of Tazkia University College of Islamic Economics (STEI TAZKIA). He earned his PhD in Micro Finance from University of Melbourne (2004), Master of Economics from International Islamic University, Malaysia (1992) and completed his first degree in Islamic Law from University of Jordan (1990). He also conducted a visiting research program at Al-Azhar University Cairo and Oxford University, UK. With his team in Tazkia Consulting, Antonio has helped the establishment of more than 14 Islamic divisions of conventional banks, 7 newly established Islamic insurance operations, and trained more than 6000 financial practitioners in the country. Currently Antonio seats as Islamic Banking Committee at the Central Bank of Indonesia, Central Bank of Malaysia, Global Shariah Board of al- Mawarid Finance and insurance DUBAI. Antonio also supervises Bank Syariah Mandiri, Takaful insurance, Bank Mega Syariah, Schroders Investment Manager dan PNM holding. Up today, Antonio published more than 12 books on Islamic banking, Zakat, Leadership and Managemen. For his effort in this field Antonio was awarded “Syariah Award” by the Central Bank of Indonesia, Indonesian Council of Ulama (MUI), and Bank Muamalat (2003), Anticorruption & Good Governance Award by Ministry of State Apparatus (2007), Arab Asia Finance Recognition Award by Arab Asia Finance Forum (2008) and won Australian Alumni Award from the Government of Australia (2009). Antonio is also the recipient of IBF Award, 2009 for his best selling book “Muhammad SAW The Super Leader Super Manager”, and IDB Prize Nominee from Indonesia (by the Ministry of Finance). Syafii melihat para kiai ilmunya sangat banyak dan ikhlas, tapi kurang responsnya terhadap masalah-masalah sosial, ekonomi, dan kemasyarakatan 

Emirates Islamic Financial Brokerage joins Nasdaq Dubai


ZAWYA.COM---Emirates Islamic Financial Brokerage (EIFB), a major Shariah-compliant broker in the UAE, has become a member of Nasdaq Dubai, the region's international exchange.
EIFB will focus on opportunities for trading Shariah-compliant shares listed on Nasdaq Dubai, as well as other Shariah securities that become listed in due course.
Jamal bin Ghalaita, chairman of EIFB, said: "As EIFB continues to offer an expanded platform to its investor clients, our membership of Nasdaq Dubai comes as a significant addition to our rich portfolio of investment solutions. Our membership of the exchange is an important step in the continuing rapid growth of Dubai's Islamic financial services sector."
Abdul Wahed Al-Fahim, chairman of Nasdaq Dubai, said: "EIFB's arrival as a member of Nasdaq Dubai supports the exchange's drive to broaden and deepen its Islamic finance activities. The exchange is committed to innovation and expansion in all areas of Islamic capital markets, including building new links with other leading Islamic finance organizations in the UAE and overseas, as part of the overall growth of Nasdaq Dubai as the Middle East's leading international listing venue."
Hamed Ali, acting chief executive of Nasdaq Dubai, said: "We are delighted to provide new investment possibilities on our platform to EIFB and its thousands of individual and institutional clients. As economic prospects in the UAE continue to improve, we look forward to further listings of Shariah-compliant securities, including expanding the range of asset classes that we offer.
"Nasdaq Dubai will continue to build its base of Shariah investors and market participants as the exchange plays an expanding role in strengthening the Islamic economy in Dubai."
Hussein Mourad, managing director of EIFB, said: "Nasdaq Dubai's international market will offer growing Shariah investment options for the benefit of our clients in the UAE and overseas. The exchange's promotion of first class transparency and governance standards, together with its regional and international investor base, make it a highly attractive platform for our clients."
The government of Dubai announced in January that it is positioning the emirate as the capital of the Islamic economy globally in a range of areas, including capital markets.
EIFB, an arm of Emirates Islamic Bank, was the fastest growing UAE broker by trading volume in 2012 and took the number one spot on Dubai Financial Market in December 2012

Monday, May 20, 2013

Libya Bank Lending Paralyzed Amid Interest Ban: Islamic Finance

Bloomberg.com--- Ali Gumma finally saved enough money to buy a plot of land near Tripoli and was planning to build a family home when he hit a brick wall: He couldn’t find a Libyan bank willing to lend him the money.

“I can’t afford to build it on my own,” the 52-year-old university professor said in an interview in the capital. “Traditional banks are barred from offering loans because they aren’t Islamic but no alternatives have been introduced.”

Euphoria over a law passed this year that would make Libya the third Middle Eastern country after Iran and Sudan to ban non-Shariah compliant banking by 2015 has turned into frustration and confusion. Parliament and the central bank have distanced themselves from the decision of commercial lenders to stop offering loans immediately. The law didn’t stipulate when the transition would start, according to Omar Hamaidan, a spokesman for the legislature.

“There seems to be a lack of guidelines for what banks should do with customers,” Mohammad Farrukh Raza, managing director of U.K.-based Islamic Finance Advisory & Assurance Services, who recently visited Tripoli, said in an interview. “The general feeling is that the sector has stalled.”
Loan Growth

Loans and advances in Libya, holder of Africa’s largest oil reserves, climbed 17 percent in the first nine months of 2012, according to the latest central bank data. The loan-to-deposit ratio stood at 25 percent, compared with more than 50 percent in neighboring Egypt.

Libya’s law takes efforts to promote Shariah-compliant finance a step further than Tunisia and Egypt, where Islamist groups that came to power in 2011 following popular uprisings have sought to integrate Islamic banks and debt into the financial system. The two countries are planning their first sukuk sales this year to diversify funding sources and cut borrowing costs.

The average yield on sovereign Islamic bonds has plunged 113 basis points, or 1.13 percentage points, since the start of 2012 to 2.77 percent May 14, according to the HSBC/Nasdaq Dubai Sovereign U.S. Dollar Sukuk Index. The drop helped sales in the six-nation Gulf Cooperation Council, which includes Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates, triple last year to about $21 billion, according to data compiled by Bloomberg.
Fitful Transition

Unlike its neighbors, Libya has no immediate plans to sell sukuk, Central Bank Governor Saddek Elkaber said in a May 9 interview in Beirut.

Elkaber said the regulator initially wanted to promote Islamic lenders alongside so-called conventional banks. The General National Congress chose to ban non-Islamic banking outright in response to “the desires of the street and pressures,” he said, adding the law doesn’t apply to institutions.

The debacle adds to Libya’s fitful transition since the end of the armed conflict that ended Muammar Qaddafi’s rule in 2011. Authorities are struggling to rein in the militias and root out radical Islamists from the oil-producing east. A timetable for the democratic transition has been largely abandoned while the May 5 passage of a bill to purge senior Qaddafi-era officials from office threatens more delays.
Unhappy Citizens

While the 200-member GNC didn’t order banks to stop giving out loans, banning interest left lenders scrambling to find Shariah-compliant alternatives, Fathi Agoub, adviser to the governor, said. “We understand the feelings, needs and situation of the citizens who aren’t happy with these procedures,” he said.

At a Tripoli branch of Gumhouria Bank, the country’s biggest, manager Miloud Taher throws his arms up in despair.

“Customers are angry; they come every day to ask when they will be able to get loans and prepayments to solve their problems,” Taher said. The bank offers Islamic car loans, which some customers use “because as soon as they buy the car they sell it new in order to get money,” he said.

Gumhouria had assets of $6.46 billion and 142 branches before the 2011 uprising. Standing inside the branch, mother-of-two Khadija, a school teacher, said she’s been trying for two months to get a loan to finance her daughter’s wedding. “I need financial support from the bank,” she said, declining to give her full name. “It used to be very easy to get a loan and it only took a few days.”
Lives ‘Paralyzed’

Taher said he doesn’t believe banks can hold off giving out personal loans and overdrafts for as long as two years. “The lives of people are paralyzed,” he said. “That is why we urge the congress and the Central Bank to find ways to help customers to get loans and make prepayment more easier.”

The process “probably has to be reviewed and restructured to allow the system, infrastructure and resources to match the challenge,” said Raza of the Islamic Finance Advisory & Assurance Services. “Islamic banking is a priority, but probably they have bigger priorities as well, so I’m not sure if enough thought was possibly given to this challenge.”

In the meantime, the central bank plans to award about three licenses for domestic Islamic banks, Elkaber said. The minimum capital requirement is 250 million Libyan dinars ($196 million), according to Ali Shambesh, director of statistics and planning department at the central bank.

Qatar’s Masraf Al Rayan said in February it planned to buy a stake in a Libyan bank to gain foothold in the country.

Elkaber cited Libya’s oil-generated cash resources for the decision not to tap global sukuk markets in the short term, even as borrowing costs decline. The yield on Dubai’s $1.25 billion 6.396 percent sukuk maturing next year fell 10 basis points last week to 2.16 percent. The yield rose 1 basis point today to 2.17 percent at 11:41 a.m. in the emirate, according to data compiled by Bloomberg.

“We don’t have a problem with liquidity,” the governor said. “We want to employ the liquidity properly.”

Tuesday, May 7, 2013

Peluang Ekonomi Syariah di Australia

CPIFINANCIAL.NET---Situs Financial Standard Online melaporkan bahwa komunitas muslim di Australia Muslim Community Co-operative Australia (MCCA) tengah berdiskusi dengan perusahaan asal sebuah perusahaan asal Timur Tengah yang enggan disebutkan namanya dengan maksud untuk menghimpun dana hipotek sebesar 180 juta USD, 150 juta USD dana property, 180 juta USD dana sukuk dan 5 juta USD asset leasing.

MCCA tengah mengelola dana pendapatan property yang berbasis syariah dari kantor pusatnya di Melbourne. Proyek mereka baru saja melampaui 30 juta USD asset. Ketua MCCA Dr Akhtar Kalam mengatakan pertumbuhan ini menujukkan dukungan yang kuat terhadap produk-produkkeuangan syariah di Australia.

“Bukan hanya perusahaan kecil dan para investor kaya raya, basis klien kami jauh lebih beragam dari itu.” Katanya kepada Financial Standard. “Kami tidak tertarik dengan basis klien dari kalanganmuslim saja secara khusus tetapi kami tertarik pada semua keluarga di Australia.

Dubai Supremacy Challenged as Global Banks Move to Rivals


Skyscrapers are seen behind pedestrians in the Dubai Marina district. “Dubai’s main disadvantage is that the big money clients and markets are elsewhere,” said Farouk Soussa, chief economist for the Middle East at Citigroup Inc. in Dubai. Photographer: Gabriela Maj/Bloomberg
When Saad Iqbal left Deutsche Bank AG in Dubai two years ago as European banks scaled back amid the debt crisis, he turned to Riyadh as a construction boom makes Saudi Arabia a hub for project finance.
“Saudi Arabia was not initially my first choice, but I found Dubai had contracted,” said Iqbal, a director of project finance at Riyad Bank (RIBL), the nation’s third-biggest lender. Saudi Arabia and Qatar are “where the deals are,” he said.
Riyadh climbed 32 places to 33rd in the Global Financial Centers Index published March 25 by London-based consulting firm Z/Yen. That made the Saudi capital the biggest gainer on an index led by London and New York. Dubai dropped one position to No. 23, with Qatar advancing five places to 30th on the list.
While Dubai is the Middle East base for banks including HSBC Holdings Plc (HSBA), Deutsche Bank and Standard Chartered Plc (STAN), Riyadh is mobilizing the region’s biggest stock market and a $500 billion Saudi government spending spree to bolster its credentials as a financial hub. Bankers in Riyadh and the Qatari capital, Doha, can also tap some of the greatest concentrations of the world’s super-rich, according to Boston Consulting Group.
“Dubai’s main disadvantage is that the big money clients and markets are elsewhere,” said Farouk Soussa, chief economist for the Middle East at Citigroup Inc. (C) in Dubai. “Clients want their bankers close. That creates a gravitational force that pulls bankers close into places like Doha, Riyadh and Abu Dhabi, despite them being otherwise less competitive than Dubai.”
April 12 (Bloomberg) -- Karine Kheirallah, director of advisory and execution at Falcon Private Bank Ltd., and Khaled Sifri, chief executive officer of Emirates Investment Bank, discuss private wealth in the Gulf region. They spoke April 9 with Jason Kelly at the Bloomberg Link Doha Conference. (Source: Bloomberg)

Regional Equities

Morgan Stanley and Credit Suisse Group AG (CSGN) are among the banks shifting regional equities teams to Riyadh as trading volumes on Saudi Arabia’s stock market surge. The nation’s capital, a congested metropolis of more than 5 million, is developing the King Abdullah Financial District to the north of the city as it seeks to attract more financial services firms.
Qatar, ranked third behind Singapore and Switzerland for the proportion of millionaire households, according to Boston Consulting, is also working to capture business from Dubai.
It’s offering cash from its sovereign wealth fund to asset managers setting up in the country, Qatar Financial Centre Authority Managing Director Abdulrahman Al Shaibi said on March 11. The nation, with a population of 1.76 million, may also set up a reinsurer and sell shares to the public as part of its bid to become a regional financial hub, he said.

April 12 (Bloomberg) -- Salman Al Jishi, chairman of the Salman Group of Companies, Paul Gamble, director of the sovereign group at Fitch Ratings, Firas Nasir, co-head of Carlyle Group LP's Middle East North Africa fund and Aamir Rehman, managing director of Fajr Capital Advisors, talk about opportunities in Saudi Arabia's economy. They spoke April 9 at the Bloomberg Link Doha conference in a panel session moderated by Bloomberg's Andrew J. Barden. (Source: Bloomberg)
Oil and Gas
Lacking the oil and gas of its neighbors, Dubai can’t afford to give up its lead in financial services, which accounted for 11.3 percent of gross domestic product in 2011. Finance, insurance and real estate contributed only 3 percent of Saudi Arabia’s GDP and 4.7 percent of Qatar’s in the third quarter of 2012, data compiled by Bloomberg shows.
The city of 2.1 million people became a regional banking hub after opening the Dubai International Financial Centre in 2004 to attract international banks, asset managers and insurers with promises of zero taxes for 50 years. The DIFC, as it’s known, is targeting financial institutions from Asia and reported a 16 percent increase in registered employees in 2012. Agricultural Bank of China opened a branch last month.
“Dubai is extremely competitive,” DIFC Chief Executive Officer Jeffrey Singer said in an interview yesterday. “If you’re coming new to the region, you have to justify why you wouldn’t come to Dubai.”
Dubai said in January it would create an Islamic finance council to regulate equity and fixed-income products to boost the industry’s role in the economy. Sales of Islamic bonds in the emirate have jumped almost 50 percent this year.

The Kingdom Tower stands illuminated at night on King Fahad Road in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Riyadh climbed 32 places to 33rd in the Global Financial Centers Index published March 25 by London-based consulting firm Z/Yen. Photographer: Waseem Obaidi/Bloomberg

Dubai Ahead

The emirate’s bond underwriting still exceeds Saudi Arabia and Qatar, with about $6 billion of issues by the Dubai government and related companies in the first quarter. Saudi issuers have raised $4.9 billion in bond sales this year, while Qatari issuance totals about $1.3 billion. Dubai accumulated about $113 billion of debt to develop finance and tourism.
While Boston Consulting figures show Riyadh’s bankers can tap the world’s highest concentration of households worth more than $100 million, constraints on women stemming from the Wahhabi version of Sunni Islam may make it difficult to persuade expatriates to work in Saudi Arabia’s financial center.
Men and women are segregated in public, including at schools, restaurants and lines at fast-food take outs. Women also need permission from a male guardian to go to school or get married, and are barred from driving. Dubai has no such restrictions and tolerates alcohol.
Visitors walk past outdoor restaurants in the Souq Waqif market in Doha. Qatar is ranked third behind Singapore and Switzerland for the proportion of millionaire households. Photographer: Gabriela Maj/Bloomberg

Financial Center

“For a financial center to flourish you need human capital, which will be a challenge for Riyadh given its various restrictions,” said Emad Mostaque, a London-based strategist at Noah Capital Markets. “Dubai has the best infrastructure to attract human capital: schools, good housing, recreational activities.”
The second largest of seven sheikhdoms in the U.A.E., Dubai was the region’s top placed city for infrastructure, ranking 34th, according to a 2012 survey by New York-based consultancy Mercer. Abu Dhabi came 72nd and Doha 102nd.
It also has the highest quality of life ranking in the Middle East, according to Mercer. The city-state ranked 73rd in the world with Abu Dhabi at No. 78, while Doha and Riyadh were ranked 106 and 157 out of 221 cities surveyed. Vienna and Zurich topped the index.
“In terms of development, in terms of infrastructure, the openness and ease of business, there’s nothing like Dubai in the region,” said Khaled Sifri, chief executive officer of Emirates Investment Bank PJSC. “It’s way ahead and it will take a long time for anyone else to try and catch up.”

Other Competition

That isn’t stopping other regional centers from trying. Apart from Saudi Arabia and Qatar, Turkey is building the Istanbul International Financial Center as part of Prime Minister Recep Tayyip Erdogan’s strategy to boost the country’s regional status and make the economy one of the world’s 10 biggest by 2023. Istanbul is No. 57 on the Z/Yen index.
While Abu Dhabi is constructing a financial center called Sowwah Square, the largest emirate in the U.A.E. fell one place in the Z/Yen ranking to No. 39. Bahrain, which crushed a Shiite Muslim revolt against its Sunni rulers in 2011, fell three places to 64th and is 23 positions below its 2010 ranking.
Qatar and Credit Suisse are strengthening ties after the holder of the world’s third-largest gas reserves took a 6 percent stake in the second-biggest Swiss bank, bought its London headquarters and formed asset manager Aventicum Capital Management.
Credit Suisse is shifting its regional investment banking headquarters to Doha, a person with knowledge of the matter said in December. It has also cut three equity positions in Dubai and transferring another to Riyadh, the person said.

Aggressive Qatar

“The financial services sector in Qatar is expanding aggressively and is hiring more than we’re seeing in the U.A.E. at the moment,” said Matthew Gribble, Dubai-based managing director ofMichael Page International Plc (MPI), a recruiter that operates in 32 countries. “It’s never easy getting people to Qatar compared to many markets, but it’s attracting people who are coming out of stressed markets in Europe and the U.K.”
Morgan Stanley (MS) has moved part of its Middle East equities business to Saudi Arabia and cut three positions in Dubai, according to a banker with knowledge of the matter. A spokesman for the New York-based bank declined to comment. Russia’s VTB Capital is also considering an equities business in Saudi, Makram Abboud, CEO in the Middle East and Africa, said Jan. 15.
Saudi Arabia’s $393 billion stock market is the Arab world’s largest bourse and three times the size of those in the United Arab Emirates and Qatar. While non-resident foreigners are only permitted to trade through share-swap transactions and exchange-traded funds, the country may soon allow overseas money managers to invest directly in shares of local companies, Deutsche Bank said in February.
The Kingdom may attract as much as $30 billion of inflows once it opens the market, John Burbank, founder of San Francisco-based hedge fund Passport Capital, said in February.

Qatar Plans

With Qatar’s plans to invest $140 billion in infrastructure before hosting the soccer World Cup in 2022, Doha shares Riyadh’s edge in project finance over Dubai, which was on the brink of default in 2009 after racking up debt to transform itself into a banking and tourism hub. Qatar is planning to build a metro network, roads, hotels and stadiums.
“Dubai will still be the preferred destination for companies and individuals in the short term,” said Angus Blair, Chairman of the Signet Institute, a Cairo-based regional research group. “As Doha and Riyadh develop and deepen their capital markets and financial services, it’s clear that this increased competition is a sign of the evolution of financial services in the region.”

Pilgrim Funds Give Indonesia Banks Booster Shot: Islamic Finance

Indonesia’s plan to shift 11 trillion rupiah ($1.1 billion) of pilgrim’s savings into Shariah- compliant lenders is a booster-shot that will help narrow the gap with neighboring Malaysia.



Deposits set aside by those planning a Hajj visit to Mecca in Saudi Arabia will be shifted by theMinistry of Religious Affairs from non-Islamic banks within a year of announcing the policy, Anggito Abimanyu, director-general of Hajj and Umrah at the ministry, said in an interview yesterday. The funds are equivalent to 7.3 percent of the 150.8 trillion rupiah in savings at Islamic lenders, less than a sixth of Malaysia’s 310 billion ringgit ($102 billion), central bank data show.

Shariah banking assets in Indonesia jumped 35 percent in the year through February and the government wants to lift its market share from 4.6 percent to 10 percent by 2015. Authorities in Kuala Lumpur have relaxed foreign-ownership rules and used tax breaks to help the industry grow to a point where it accounts for 20 percent of the nation’s financial assets. Of the 211,000 Indonesians that went on last year’s Hajj, 92 percent did so on a state-organized tour.

“We are glad for this move as it shows the government’s commitment in supporting the industry’s growth,” Lukita Tri Prakasa, corporate secretary at PT Bank BRI Syariah in Jakarta, which has created a team to manage the incoming money, said in an April 30 interview. “This is very good for us as it will increase our third-party funds and boost our expansion.”

Trading Volumes

The entire Hajj fund totaled 55 trillion rupiah in March, with about 35 trillion rupiah invested in non-tradable sovereign sukuk and 9 trillion rupiah already placed at Islamic lenders, official data show. The government wants to increase trading volumes by selling less bonds to the fund,Dahlan Siamat, director of Islamic financing at the debt management office, said in November, potentially giving Shariah banks another boost.

Bank Indonesia is in talks with the religious affairs ministry on how the funds will be divided up between the banks Edy Setiadi, executive director for Islamic banking at the monetary authority, said in an April 29 e-mailed response to questions. Indonesia has 11 fully fledged Islamic lenders and 24 so-called Shariah-compliant window operations at non-Islamic banks. The central bank is also seeking to spur industry growth by requiring the windows to become standalone units by 2015.

Since the incoming Hajj money will be recorded as a liability, BRI Syariah plans to ask for additional capital from its parent, PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia, the nation’s second- largest by assets, to maintain a healthy balance sheet, Prakasa said. Bank Indonesia requires that lenders hold reserves of at least 8 percent of their loans and deposits.
‘Nice Bonus’

PT Bank Muamalat Indonesia, the nation’s second-largest Shariah lender, has actually been reducing the amount of Hajj money it manages to focus more on its core business of retail banking, Finance Director Hendiarto Yogiono said. It cut the funds by 36 percent to 1.25 trillion rupiah in 2012, as its assets increased 38 percent to 44.9 trillion rupiah.

“Islamic banks have grown rapidly, so the government sees that they can handle a bigger responsibility now,” Yogiono said in an April 30 interview from Jakarta. “It’s a nice bonus, but we don’t expect the decision to cause a dramatic change as the sum isn’t so big.”

Growth in the Shariah-compliant banking industry may spur demand for Islamic bonds as lenders seek to invest their funds. Global sales of sukuk, which pay returns on assets to comply with the religion’s ban on interest, increased 3.8 percent to $14.8 billion in 2013 from the same period last year, data compiled by Bloomberg show. Issuance totaled a record $46.5 billion in 2012.
Fund’s Mandate

The average yield on Shariah-compliant bonds sold internationally rose 14 basis points, or 0.14 percentage point, last month to 3.05 percent, the HSBC/Nasdaq Dubai US Dollar Sukuk Index shows. The premium investors demand to hold the notes over the London interbank offered rate, or Libor, widened seven basis points to 184.

Islamic bonds returned 1.4 percent this year, according to the HSBC/Nasdaq index, while debt from emerging markets gained 0.5 percent, JPMorgan Chase & Co.’s EMBI Global Index shows.

The Hajj is one of the five pillars of Islam and every able-bodied Muslim is obliged to make the journey at least once in their lives, performing rituals like circling the cube-shaped Kaaba, one of the religion’s most sacred sites. A record 3.16 million pilgrims traveled to Mecca to do the Hajj in 2012, a Saudi Arabian government statement shows. This year’s event will take place in October.

“It was always part of the mandate that funds used for the pilgrimage should be managed in a Shariah-compliant way,” BRI Syariah’s Prakasa said. “We are studying options and making sure we will be ready to put the funds to work so it doesn’t become an operational cost burden for us.”

Friday, May 3, 2013

Hasil Survey Lembaga Internasional: Muslim Dunia Inginkan Syariah


Disaat penguasa-penguasa negeri Islam bersungguh-sungguh untuk mempertahankan dan memaksakan sistem sekuler dan demokrasi penduduk negeri-negeri Islam malah menginginkan syariah.

Survei terbaru PEW seperti yang dilansir http://www.pewforum.org/ (30/4) menunjukkan kecenderungan umat untuk menjadikan Syariah Islam sebagai hukum resmi di negeri-negeri Islam.

Di Asia  terdapat prosentase sangat tinggi penduduk  yang mendukung syariah Islam: Pakistan (84%), Bangladesh (82%), Afghanistan (99%), Indonesia (72%) , Malaysia (86%).
Demikian pula di Timur Tengah dan Afrika, prosentase yang mendukung syariah : Irak (91%), Palestina (89%), Maroko (83%), Mesir (74%), Yordania (71%), Niger (86%), Djibouti (82%), DR Kongo (74%) dan Nigeria (71%). Sementara 10 negara lain yang di survey menunjukkan lebih dari 50 % penduduknya menginginkan syariah Islam. (AF)

Metodologi Ekonomi Syariah

Selama ini kalau kita berbicara tentang muamalah, terutama ekonomi, kita akan berbicara tentang apa yang boleh dan apa yang tidak boleh. Hal ini memang merupakan prinsip dasar dari muamalah itu sendiri, yang menyatakan: “Perhatikan apa yang dilarang, diluar itu maka boleh dikerjakan.” Tetapi pertanyaan kemudian mengemuka, seperti apakah ekonomi dalam sudut pandang Islam itu sendiri? Bagaimana filosofi dan kerangkanya? Dan bagaimanakah ekonomi Islam yang ideal itu? 


Untuk menjawab pertanyaan-pertanyaan tersebut, maka sebenarnya kita perlu melihat bagaimanakah metodologi dari ekonomi Islam itu sendiri. Muhammad Anas Zarqa, menjelaskan bahwa ekonomi Islam itu terdiri dari 3 kerangka metodologi. Pertama adalah presumptions and ideas, atau yang disebut dengan ide dan prinsip dasar dari ekonomi Islam. Ide ini bersumber dari Al Qur’an, Sunnah, dan Fiqih Al Maqasid. Ide ini nantinya harus dapat diturunkan menjadi pendekatan yang ilmiah dalam membangun kerangka berpikir dari ekonomi Islam itu sendiri. Kedua adalah nature of value judgement, atau pendekatan nilai dalam Islam terhadap kondisi ekonomi yang terjadi. Pendekatan ini berkaitan dengan konsep utilitas dalam Islam. Terakhir, yang disebut dengan positive part of economics science. Bagian ini menjelaskan tentang realita ekonomi dan bagaimana konsep Islam bisa diturunkan dalam kondisi nyata dan riil. Melalui tiga pendekatan metodologi tersebut, maka ekonomi Islam dibangun.


Ahli ekonomi Islam lainnya, Masudul Alam Choudhury, menjelaskan bahwa pendekatan ekonomi Islam itu perlu menggunakan shuratic process, atau pendekatan syura. Syura itu bukan demokrasi. Shuratic process adalah metodologi individual digantikan oleh sebuah konsensus para ahli dan pelaku pasar dalam menciptakan keseimbangan ekonomi dan perilaku pasar. Individualisme yang merupakan ide dasar ekonomi konvensional tidak dapat lagi bertahan, karena tidak mengindahkan adanya distribusi yang tepat, sehingga terciptalah sebuah jurang pemisah antara yang kaya dan yang miskin.

Pertanyaan kemudian muncul, apakah konsep Islam dalam ekonomi bisa diterapkan di suatu negara, misalnya di negara kita? Memang baru-baru ini muncul ide untuk menciptakan dual economic system di negara kita, dimana ekonomi konvensional diterapkan bersamaan dengan ekonomi Islam. Tapi mungkinkah Islam bisa diterapkan dalam kondisi ekonomi yang nyata?

Sebelum menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, Umar Chapra menjelaskan bahwa terdapat dua aliran dalam ekonomi, yaitu aliran normatif dan positif. Aliran normatif itu selalu memandang sesuatu permasalahan dari yang seharusnya terjadi, sehingga terkesan idealis dan perfeksionis. Sedangkan aliran positif memandang permasalahan dari realita dan fakta yang terjadi. Aliran positif ini pun kemudian menghasilkan perilaku manusia yang rasional. Perilaku yang selalu melihat masalah ekonomi dari sudut pandang rasio dan nalarnya. Kedua aliran ini merupakan ekstrim diantara dua kutub yang berbeda.

Lalu apa hubungannya kedua aliran tersebut dengan pelaksanaan ekonomi Islam? Ternyata hubungannya adalah akan selalu ada orang-orang yang mempunyai pikiran dan ide yang bersumber dari dua aliran tersebut. Jadi atau tidak jadi ekonomi Islam akan diterapkan, akan ada yang menentang dan mendukungnya. Oleh karena itu sebagai orang yang optimis, maka penulis akan menyatakan ‘Ya’, Islam dapat diterapkan dalam sebuah sistem ekonomi.

Tetapi optimisme ini akan dapat terwujud manakala etika dan perilaku pasar sudah berubah. Dalam Islam etika berperan penting dalam menciptakan utilitas atau kepuasan. Konsep Islam menyatakan bahwa kepuasan optimal akan tercipta manakala pihak lain sudah mencapai kepuasan atau hasil optimal yang diinginkan, yang juga diikuti dengan kepuasan yang dialami oleh kita. Islam sebenarnya memandang penting adanya distribusi, kemudian lahirlah zakat sebagai bentuk dari distribusi itu sendiri.

Maka, sesungguhnya kerangka dasar dari ekonomi Islam didasari oleh tiga metodolodi dari Muhammad Anas Zarqa, yang kemudian dikombinasikan dengan efektivitas distribusi zakat serta penerapan konsep shuratic process (konsensus bersama) dalam setiap pelaksanaannya. Dari kerangka tersebut, insyaAllah ekonomi Islam dapat diterapkan dalam kehidupan nyata. Dan semua itu harus dibungkus oleh etika dari para pelakunya serta peningkatan kualitas sumber daya manusianya. Utilitas yang optimal akan lahir manakala distribusi dan adanya etika yang menjadi acuan dalam berperilaku ekonomi. Oleh karena itu semangat untuk memiliki etika dan perilaku yang ihsan kini harus dikampanyekan kepada seluruh sumber daya insani dari ekonomi Islam. Agar ekonomi Islam dapat benar-benar diterapkan dalam kehidupan nyata, yang akan menciptakan keadilan sosial, kemandirian, dan kesejahteraan masyarakatnya.

Thursday, May 2, 2013

Islam--Etimologi dan Petunjuk Ilahi

Ada banyak ayat Al-Qur'an yang mendefinisikan Islam dan merujuk tuntunan ilahinya, beberapa diantaranya:

وَالَّذِينَ يُؤْمِنُونَ بِمَا أُنْزِلَ إِلَيْكَ وَمَا أُنْزِلَ مِنْ قَبْلِكَ وَبِالآخِرَةِ هُمْ يُوقِنُونَ

"Dan mereka yang beriman kepada Kitab (Al Qur’an) yang telah diturunkan kepadamu dan Kitab-kitab yang telah diturunkan sebelummu, serta mereka yakin akan adanya (kehidupan) akhirat." (Q.2:4)
ءَامَنَ الرَّسُولُ بِمَآ أُنزِلَ إِلَيْهِ مِن رَّبِّهِ وَالْمُؤْمِنُونَ كُلٌّ ءَامَنَ بِاللهِ وَمَلاَئِكَتِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ لاَ نُفَرِّقُ بَيْنَ أَحَدٍ مِّن رُّسُلِهِ وَقَالُوا سَمِعْنَا وَأَطَعْنَا غُفْرَانَكَ رَبَّنَا وَإِلَيْكَ الْمَصِيرُ
"Rasul telah beriman kepada al-Qur’an yang diturunkan kepadanya dari Rabbnya, demikian pula orang-orang yang beriman. Semuanya beriman kepada Allah, malaikat-malaikat-Nya, kitab-kitab-Nya dan rasul-rasul-Nya. (Mereka mengatakan),’Kami tidak membeda-bedakan antara seserangpun (dengan yang lain) dari rasul-rasul-Nya,’ dan mereka mengatakan,’Kami dengar dan kami ta’at.’ (Mereka berdoa),’Ampunilah kami ya Rabb kami dan kepada Engkaulah tempat kembali.." (Q. 2:285)
يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا آمِنُوا بِاللَّهِ وَرَسُولِهِ وَالْكِتَابِ الَّذِي نَزَّلَ عَلَىٰ رَسُولِهِ وَالْكِتَابِ الَّذِي أَنْزَلَ مِنْ قَبْلُ ۚ وَمَنْ يَكْفُرْ بِاللَّهِ وَمَلَائِكَتِهِ وَكُتُبِهِ وَرُسُلِهِ وَالْيَوْمِ الْآخِرِ فَقَدْ ضَلَّ ضَلَالًا بَعِيدًا
"Hai orang-orang yang beriman, tetaplah beriman kepada Allah dan Rasul-Nya dan kepada kitab yang Allah turunkan kepada Rasul-Nya serta kitab yang Allah turunkan sebelumnya. Barangsiapa yang kafir kepada Allah, malaikat-malaikat-Nya, kitab-kitab-Nya, rasul-rasul-Nya, dan hari kemudian, maka sesungguhnya orang itu telah sesat sejauh-jauhnya" (Q. 4:136)

Dari ayat - ayat tersebut, dapat disimpulkan:

  • Kaum muslim meyakini bahwa Allah (swt) menurunkan wahyu terakhir-Nya untuk manusia kepada Nabi Muhammad (saw) melalui malaikat Jibril. Bagi kaum muslim Nabi Muhammad adalah nabi Allah swt yang terakhir.
  • Dalam Islam, nabi adalah manusia yang ditunjuk oleh Allah (swt) untuk menjadi utusan-Nya. Nabi adalah manusia, bukan Tuhan.Adam, Nuh, Ibrahim, Daud, dan Isa adalah nabi. Semua utusan Allah (swt) menyampaikan pesan tertinggi Islam, yaitu, ketundukan pada kehendak Allah (swt).
  • Konsep teologis fundamental Islam adalah tauhid-keyakinan bahwa hanya ada satu Tuhan, Allah (swt). Sebagaimana tertulis juga di Surah Al-Ikhlas ayat 1:
قُلْ هُوَ اللَّهُ أَحَدٌ
"Katakanlah: 'Dia-lah Allah, yang Maha Esa!'" (Q. 112:1)

Nabi Muhammad (saw) lahir di Makkah pada tahun 570 M. Pada usia 40 tahun, saat sedang menyepi beliau mendapatkan wahyu pertamanya dari Allah (swt) melalui malaikat Jibril. Wahyu ini, yang berlanjut selama 23 tahun dikenal sebagai Al-Qur'an.

Nabi dan kelompok pemeluknya yang kecil mengalami banyak tentangan di Makkah, yang berkembang demikian ganas sehingga pada tahun 622 Allah (swt) memerintahkan mereka untuk pindah (hijrah). Perpindahan ke kota Madinah ini memnandai awal penanggalan Islam.

Source: Buku Pintar Keuangan Syariah oleh Daud Vicary Abdullah dan Keon Chee